Here’s an explanation of the Turkish evidential adverbs sanki, güya, duydum ki, sözde, meğer, and halbuki, along with examples to clarify their usage:

1. Sanki (As if, like)

This adverb is used to express a comparison or a hypothetical situation, often in an ironic or sarcastic tone.

Examples:

• Sanki hiç hata yapmaz!

  (As if he/she never makes a mistake!)

• Sanki dünyayı o kurtaracak.

  (As if he/she is going to save the world.)

2. Güya (Supposedly, as if, allegedly)

This is used to indicate skepticism, disbelief or irony when reporting something that may not be true.

Examples:

• Güya erken kalkacakmış, ama hâlâ uyuyor.

  (Supposedly, he/she was going to wake up early, but still sleeping.)

• Güya çok çalışıyormuş.

  (Allegedly, he/she works a lot.)

3. Duydum ki (I heard that)

This phrase introduces information that the speaker has heard from someone else, often used to report rumors or second-hand information.

Examples:

• Duydum ki yeni bir işe başlamışsın.

  (I heard that you started a new job.)

• Duydum ki tatilde Paris’e gitmişsin.

  (I heard that you went to Paris on vacation.)